The first phase of The Human Genome Project, the sequencing of the information encoded within the DNA contained in our chromosomes, was completed in February 2001. Since then work in the field of genomics and the biotechnology that has arisen from it, has been continuing apace and it is revolutionizing the practice of medicine in the 21st Century. Scientists are now able to link certain gene sequences to particular biological functions or diseases. A new understanding of how our genetic make-up contributes to our long-term health is emerging.

This exciting area of research has resulted in the growth of a range of genetic tests for a variety of inherited disorders. We are now able to identify whether or not we carry specific genes that give us a predisposition to certain common diseases and make us more susceptible to the development of particular health problems.

A family history of osteoporosis, raised cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, abnormal metabolic reactions to the intake of alcohol, raised homocysteine levels and poor immunity, evidenced by frequent and prolonged infections, all indicate a very real chance of chronic conditions manifesting. An individual's risk for these problems can now be assessed by means of genomic tests.

These simple tests use saliva and involve a mouthwash being swilled around and then spat out into a collection tube. The results are usually available in about three weeks and include expert advice on how we can significantly reduce the influence our genes have on the development of disease.

It is believed that forty percent of the way in which people function is dependent on their genetic inheritance, with the remaining sixty percent being affected by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, exercise, stress levels and relationships.

Armed with the invaluable information gleaned from these tests, we can now take steps to mitigate the effects of our genes and minimise our chances of contracting debilitating illnesses. Genetic risk and environmental factors combine to increase our chances of disease occurring. Various interventions, like the use of targeted nutritional supplements, alterations to diet and lifestyle and learning how better to manage stress, can have a powerful impact on the onset and course of the disease process. A proactive approach to health care results in a significant reduction in our individual risk and an increase in our years of wellness and active longevity.